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Ethics, Ethics, Ethics

What should an infomancer do?

17 September 2026 · Read the essay →

The outside claims this piece leans on, and where they come from. Each note says what the source looked at, so you can judge how far it stretches.

  1. A government communication kept the £10,000, dropped the caveat, and changed the comparison group to pupils with near-perfect attendance

    Department for Education Education Hub, 'Why school attendance matters, and what we're doing to improve it', 31 August 2025

    DfE blog post for parents restating the research findings on absence and earnings, published 31 August 2025.

  2. Attendance may genuinely matter - the report finds a real association and the wider literature broadly agrees

    Dräger, Klein and Sosu, 'The long-term consequences of early school absences for educational attainment and labour market outcomes', British Educational Research Journal 50, 1636-1654 (2024)

    UK cohort study using the 1970 British Cohort Study, linking school absence at age 10 to attainment, employment and earnings at age 42, adjusted for confounders.

  3. Each additional day of absence is associated with roughly a 0.8% reduction in earnings at 28

    Department for Education, The Impact of School Absence on Lifetime Earnings, Research report RR1498, Table 9 (2025)

    Controlled estimate from a log-linear OLS model with school fixed effects, linking Key Stage 4 absence to PAYE and self-employed earnings at age 28.

  4. Persistently absent pupils averaged about £19,500 at age 28, against about £29,800 for pupils under 10% absence

    Department for Education, The Impact of School Absence on Lifetime Earnings, Research report RR1498, Table 8 (2025)

    Average earnings at age 28 (2024 prices) for one English state-school cohort who sat GCSEs in 2006/07, banded by Key Stage 4 absence. A descriptive table with no controls applied.

  5. Processed cheese consumption and US car crashes correlate at r = 0.9064067, r-squared 0.8215731, over 1995 to 2014

    Tyler Vigen, Spurious Correlations, correlation #6,326 (USDA dairy data; Statista vehicle crash series) (2024)

    A data-dredged pairing from Tyler Vigen's Spurious Correlations: US per-capita processed cheese consumption against an annual US vehicle crash series, twenty years to 2014.

  6. The authors rate their evidence level 2 of 5 and mark the section containing the £10,000 as suitable for context only

    Department for Education, The Impact of School Absence on Lifetime Earnings, Research report RR1498, Table 1, footnote 8, and the Risk and Uncertainty section (2025)

    The DfE's self-assessed evidence rating and the stated permitted uses of the two analyses in its 2025 absence and earnings report.

  7. The model accounts for only about 13% of the variation in what people earn

    Department for Education, The Impact of School Absence on Lifetime Earnings, Research report RR1498, Table 9 and Section Two caveats (2025)

    Adjusted R-squared of the DfE's direct earnings model, reported in the results table of the 2025 absence and earnings report.

  8. The report says directly beneath the table that the figures do not control for socio-economic characteristics

    Department for Education, The Impact of School Absence on Lifetime Earnings, Research report RR1498, Section Two (2025)

    The caveat attached to the uncontrolled earnings-by-absence-band table in the DfE's 2025 absence and earnings report.

  9. An earlier version of the Education Hub attendance post appeared on 14 March 2025, alongside the research report

    Department for Education Education Hub, 'Why school attendance matters, and what we're doing to improve it', March 2025

    The March 2025 version of the DfE's parent-facing attendance post, published alongside the research report.

  10. Barristers are required to shape information towards their client's case

    Bar Standards Board, The BSB Handbook, Part 2 Code of Conduct (Core Duties CD1-CD2; rule rC15) (Current edition)

    The professional conduct rules for barristers in England and Wales, including the duty to promote the client's interests and the overriding duty to the court.

  11. The Department for Education published The Impact of School Absence on Lifetime Earnings in March 2025

    Department for Education, The Impact of School Absence on Lifetime Earnings, Research report RR1498, March 2025

    DfE research report linking Key Stage 4 absence to earnings, benefits and employment at age 28 for one English cohort, published 14 March 2025.

  12. The DfE Education Hub post says each additional day of absence between Years 7 and 11 could cost the typical pupil an average of £750 in lifetime earnings, and hedges its figures with 'could'

    Department for Education Education Hub, 'Why school attendance matters, and what we're doing to improve it', 31 August 2025

    DfE blog post for parents restating the report's per-day earnings figure, published 31 August 2025.

  13. The report cautions against strong causal readings, and says its findings are average effects for groups of pupils and indicative trends rather than predictions about individuals

    Department for Education, The Impact of School Absence on Lifetime Earnings, Research report RR1498, Executive summary and Section One caveats (2025)

    The limitations the DfE's 2025 absence and earnings report places on its own findings: association rather than cause, and group averages rather than individual predictions.

  14. Tyler Vigen's Spurious Correlations site pairs up datasets that have nothing to do with one another, and Vigen does not present the pairings as causal

    Tyler Vigen, Spurious Correlations (website) (2024)

    A website of real but meaningless correlations, found by comparing tens of thousands of variables against each other ('data dredging').